SOME KNOWLEDGE ABOUT FAGU PURNIMA

Fagu Purnima or Holi is one of the most colorful and playful festivals in Nepal. It is the festival of water and colour which is also known as "Phagu" in Nepali.According to Hindu mythology during the region of king Hiranyashyap entire people of the kingdom were prohibited from worshipping lord Vishnu and were forced to worship him instead .The Hiranyakshyap had hatred towards God Vishnu. But for his misfortune ,his own son,Pralhad was an ardent devotee of Lord .When he learnt about this ,he grew much furious and implement many extreme cruel measure to his son to forget Vishnu .No matter how cruel king got his son grew closer to Lord Vishnu. In one of his plays the king assigned his sister Holika ,to burn Prahald to death .Holika had the power of emitting fire .She took Prahald to her lap intending to burn him but Lord Vishnu's immortal blessing instead she was burnt to ashes .It is believed that from the day,people started to celebrate the death of Holika as Holi festival.

ABOUT MEDITATION

The correct definition of meditation is to think constantly of something .You become what on which you meditate.Think of God ,you become God.Think of stone ,you become a stone .Meditation is a form of religious or spiritual contemplation ,and the basis of most Eastern religious ,including Hindusm, Budhism and Deoism ,as a prayer is to the christian ,Islamic an Jewish religious .The difference between prayer and Eastern meditation is that the former is a petition to ,or dialogue with God and the other is a detached observation of one's own mind and its process.
The earliest recognized practice mediation is form ancient India,where it has been established for thousands of years and was known by the Sanskrit word 'dhyna'.This became Chan in China and Zen in Japan.The Buddha developed meditation in practice in his YOga Sutras around 250 BC.A classical yoga is a darsana or doctrine , the theistic emphasizes purification through mediation ,a yogi or practitioner or yoga,mediates in order to achieve true bliss ,which involves a complete withdrawl from the world.Yoga is assumed the bodily posture that affords them the most stability and the least effort.
There are many methods of doing meditation; the method of doing mediation described below is the most fundamental of them.First of all ,find a comfortable place to sit ,the place should be quiet and should not distract you in any way .Second ,choose a comfortable posture ,it can be in any posture ,but your back should be upright .The posture cushion should not make you feel uncomfortable in any way.Also ,don't move while meditating it reminds you do of your body and districts your concentration .If you have selected the correct posture then after about 45 minutes,your body will become very light as if did exist and peacefulness can be felt everywhere .Third come setting the time period ,it can range from 15 minutes to over 2 hours .The fourth step to choose an object of mediatation upon which to concentrate for the entire length of the practice.It is entirely upon the person to choose the object of meditation .Another thing is to forget everything about yourself and devote the entire attention towards the object of meditation.
There are many benefits of meditation.It helps us to know ourselves better .It answered questions like" Who am I", "What is Reality " etc.Meditation helps us from the stress and tension of good concerntration .It relieves us from the stress and tension of daily life and brings about peace and clean throughout the day.After meditating ,there is more clarilty of mind as it is free from thoughts .Self –control ,self-respect and self –acceptance begin to develop.Supernatural abilities begin to develop as spiritual experiences begin to become more peaceful and blissful.
The stages of meditation are numerous .The beginning stage of meditation is usually associated with developing posture and adjustment to it's practice .This takes about 6 months or more.Meditation begins when the person starts getting spiritual experiences and gets in super-consciousness .In the advanced stages of meditation,2 yrs or more ,the next state to achieve is cosmic consciousness .Super-consciousness is only a step on the ladder to cosmic consciousness.In this state the person finds that he is no longer his body and his spirit and mind escapes through the body to encompass the world, the solar system,the entire universe.
These were the methods ,benefits and stages of meditation.It has to be known that meditation is for every one .Meditation has been known to transform the entire character of a person.The answer to everything is within .Turn within .All knowledge ,all power ,everything is within.Your destiny is within ,your future is within ,your ultimate goal is
within .Meditation can be learnt from books and practiced alone ,but is highly beneficial to find a good teacher and work with a group of students .There are many courses and retreat centres within the different traditions.

HOW TO LIVE A BLISSFUL LIFE?

A child is born naked.He/she grows up and enjoys the four stages of life and again goes alone and naked by leaving the world and the thinks that he/she gains in this world .But during this four stages he/she does a bundle of mistakes and evil works which can't be described .The evil works actually is done when a person is trapped in the snare of the world .Whoever comes here is caught by delusion.All the evil works as killing of wife by husband ,brother by brother,wife betraying husband etc are done for the sake of money.They think money is the most essential thing needed for survival but they have forgotten that they are sent in the world to conclude a special task given to them .Even a great philosopher 'plato' had said that the world is a cave and the death is liberty.A person in a cave compares fire with the sun and the shadow that appears due to light of fire is real.Whoever takes birth in the world when grown up thinks money is everything ,why not if he/she will probably do that without caring its consequences.A lot of people say "life is a precious gift bestowed by God".But the life isn't bestowed to do vile works but bestowed to complete the task that is said to us before taking birth in this world.We have forgotten because we are caught by delusion.
But only a few people knew why they have been sent in this world, as Swami Vivekanand,Kalidas, Sai Baba,Jesus Christ,Mohammad,Guru Nanak etc.So to know the task we have to be far from the task we have to be far from this snare of the world ,and shouldn't be allured by its glamour .But better to live a renouncing life.God never says,"Be my derotee and spend your whole life in worshipping me or be sage" but sage,"If you are given a task ,do it honestly; you have to be very honest towards your duty ; never backbite;never despise poor and needy people but help them; never speak lie; never hurt anybody ,but if you hurt then and there ask pardon; never show your anger; control your emotions; during leisure time you can either mediate or remember ME, you'll succeed ."Even our Divine GOD Krishna who has lifted Govardan hill by his one finger ,who has killed many terrible demons,has said ,"Go on working and don't be baffled about its fruit because if you have done your work honestly and sincerely you will certainly get its fruit".If you will go on doing evil work nothing might happen in this life but after dying noon ewill help you there,the prestige that you have earned by under estimating others and the bungalow ,money and many other things that you have earned here won't work there .Everything is worthless .Fair justice will be done and you might be compelled to exist miserable and dreadful life in your next birth.So,I kindly request you to shun the vile hab its that is in you and live a blissful life by the motive of helping and co-operating .Trust me if you do so, you will definitely feel an amazing change within you and the life will be blithesome too.

MASON

Definitely 'Mason' creaks perceptible but not engrossing word. Their life seem to be incredibly hutted by nagging pain.Anyway,who cares that? Life has threatened them. We can sense their deserve in pear like sparkling sweat. We can figure out a sort of nebulous cloud in their dipped wrinkled eyes which seems somehow graceful. Nevertheless, valiant fortitude can be noticed in them
They can very effetely seen in constructional area for examples, road construction ,building construction etc.They are artful in nature although they seem rumpled in mien .He does work with body and soul to arrange at sixes and seven of his life and to earn his livelihood. Though they are preposterous they are expert to bringing forth awesome and winsome places and buildings, which are amazingly tremendous.
I'm beyond all question to notify that why people ignore them? why don't they step forward to cure nagging pain of those disfigured Mason. Are they mentally retarded and insure?
Kings to the street dwellers stay in the place which are intensively maintained by deserving Mason. So, why they are still posed as frivolous character in the society .Why people sin with him. Why people think him as nasty ,awkward , heedless and evinced contempt towards him….but why? why people think this occupation as low trust –worthy .Their life is looking into a black future.
So, even in such circumstances why they are treated as worthiness. Why can't people resue them in the same of humanity ?
They are domiciles .They never pretend to stay in sophisticated place rather they always work hard to facilitate others in their anguish.
Eventually, Masons are not speaking doesn't mean to elaborate that they are namby-pamby (weak and emotional) but they are staying up in endurance and hoping that "true happiness springs out from struggle."
That is why we can precisely figure out that giant and violence cyclonic storm has blown away all their ecstasy but they are trying at least to be apple of everyone's eyes .They rarely pretend to burn the candle of both ends.
We can gain lucrative idea through poor life of mason that is "to hold up patience in our distress" and also inspire us to struggle in our annoyance and panic with almost strength.

THE BEAUTIFUL CITY POKHARA

Pokhara is a place of remarkable natural beauty.The beauty of Pokhara attract the people from different place from the countries and outside the countries. It is the starting point for many of Nepal's most popular trekking and rafting destinations. The scenic beauty of phewa lake and the magnificence of the fistailed summit of Machhapuchhre ,it has an ambience of peace and magic.Pokhara valley is surrounded by thick forests, gushing rivers ,emerald lakes and of course, the world famous views of the Himalayas. Clearly the most stunning sight of Pokhara is the spectacular panorama of the Annapurna range ,which forms it backdrop. The fish tailed pinnacle is the archetypal snow-capped ,needle point mountain.Phewa Lake is the second largest lake of Nepal. It is the centre of attraction in Pokhara.
Another sight of Pokhara is natural wonder that unfailingly interests visitors is the Seti Gandaki river. At certain points the river appears hardly 2 meter wide but its depth is over 25 metre.Davie's fall is a lovely waterfall lying about 2km.South-west of Pokhara Airport on Siddhartha Highway. It is said that a trekker was washed away by the Pardi Khola and mysteriously disappeared down into in underground passage beneath the fall .Mahendra Cave is the other nature's wonder in Pokhara which also called Mahendra Gupha.This large limestone cave is locally known as the house of bats ,a apt name for it .After a two-hour walk to the north of Pokhara you will reach Mahendra Cave.
Finally ,Pokhara is a part of vibrant trade route extending between India and Tibet.To this day mule trains can be seen camped on the outskirts of the town ,bringing goods to trade from remote regions of the Himalayas Overall, I am proud of my city town,Pokhara.

SOME EDUCATION ABOUT NAAG PANCHAMI

Naag Panchami is celebrated on the fifth day of Shrawan month. On this day ,the snakes/Naag are worshipped .This festival is also called Guard Panchami .On this day ,activities like plugging the fields ,cutting vegetables ,etc.are prohibited .There is a famous tale behind it.
It is said that many years ago, there lived a farmer in a village. He went to his field to plough on the day of Naag Panchami .After working for quite some time, he sat down to take a rest. His eight year old son also came there. Both the father and son started talking .
After some time, the farmer started plugging again. But he kept on talking with his son. He got so much lost in the sweet and cute talks of his son that he didn't see the hole of a snake and ploughed on it. The small children of the snake died at that moment .when the snake came back ,she got furious to see her children dead. She started hissing .The plough was lying nearby. She saw blood spots on the edge of the plough and understand everything .The snake still didn't calm down. she bit the farmer and his son and they both died.
She reached the house of the farmer. The farmer's wife was busy worshipping the Naag Devata.The snake decided to bite her after she completed her puja.The snake saw a pot full of milk there, which was for the Naag Devata.The snake was very hungry and so she drank all the milk. When the farmer's wife completed her puja,she opened her eyes and got shocked to see the snake .She thought that Naag Devata was pleased with her .she bowed before the snake.Now,how could the snake bite her? The snake told her clearly that she had bit her husband and child and also told her the reason behind it .The wife started crying and pleased to forgive her. The snake thought ,'The farmer didn't kill my children intentionally, but I killed them in revenge. I have committed a sin'. Then she said to the farmer's wife ,"Come with me .I shall suck all the poison from your husband and child's body and they will regain their lives."
The farmer's wife went with the snake to the field. The snake sucked all the poison from both the bodies .After some time, the farmer and the boy sat up. All of them bowed to the snake. The snake disappeared .Since then,Naag Panchami is celebrated every year.

ABOUT MAHENDRA HIGHWAY

Roads are very necessary for the development of a country.We do not have many goods roads in our country .This is why our country is still undeveloped .If we want to develop our country .We must construct good roads in all parts.Our country extends from the Mechi in the east to the Mahakali in the west.We do not have a road connecting the eastern and the western frontier.We have to go to many parts of our country through India.This a great obstacle of the development of trade and industry in our country .King Mahendra realized the difficulty and conceived the project of the East –West Highway in 2019 v.s.This Highway was later named the Mahendra Rajmarg.
The projected highway will extend from the Mechi to the Mahakali.It will cover the entire length of the country.It will pass through many important places at the foothills.This highway is a big project. It will take some years to be completed .It will be completed in stages .We cannot finance the entire project. We require the assistance of other countries and associations.The construction of the highway has already been completed in different sectors.Friendly countries have come forward with help. They have constructed different parts of the highway.The British have constructed the part from Narayanghat to Butwal.The Russians have completed the sector from Simra to Janakpur .The Indians have completed the highway from Janakpur to the Mechi and also from Butwal to Nepalgunj.We hope other countries also will offer aid.
The Mahendra Highway will be the life-line of the country .It will connect different parts of the country.People of different parts will be able to travel from one part to another.Different parts of the country will have contact with one another.People of different parts will be able to know one another and learn from one another.This will help the growth of national unity and co-operation.The Mahendra Highway will help the growth of trade and industry.Goods will be easily transported from one part to another.Industries will develop at favourable places.The highway will help the industries by supplying raw materials and transporting finished goods to different parts of the country.This goods manufactured in one part will be easily and cheaply sent to all parts of the country.
The Mahendra Highway will help the construction of feeder roads.Roads extending north and south and leading to the highway will be built.Nowadays,there is a shotage of such roads .When north-south roads are built ,the people form the backward northern regions will travel to the highway and hence to other parts.The people of the northern regions will have contact with the people of other parts and will be able to develop themselves like the people of other parts.

LEARN ABOUT FEATURES OF CELL PHONES

This is the age of Multimedia Messaging Service. MMS is in; a versatile feature that allows users to send colour pictures, photographs, voice clips, programs, videos and ofcourse text from their cell phones. The rates are a little higher as compared to SMS, but MMS opens up a whole new world of communication at your finger tips. All you need is an MMS-enabled phone and a subscription to a service provider that supports MMS. With MMS, you can, not only send your messages from one phone to another, but also from phone to email, and vice versa.
You can send, store and edit picture messages. There are a number of sites online that let you download pictures free of charge. Some MMS phones even come with an inbuilt camera, so a person can click pictures spontaneously and send them across to another MMS cell phone user. But with phones that do not have an in-built camera, these pictures have to be obtained from the Internet. The messages sent and received are either in text or graphics, once again depending on the phone model. With MMS, you can even download MP3 music, games and video clips on your phone!
The following networks offer MMS: BPL (Mumbai) - MMS and GPRS only for post-paid users at Rs. 199 per month with 100 MMS free. If you exceed the 100 limit, MMS are charged at Rs. 3. Hutch- Rs. 99 per month. Prepaid users have to also pay Rs.50 as the initial activation charge. Messages can be downloaded from the Hutch site at Rs. 8 per MMS. Sending MMS is free. Airtel- Offers free MMS service. To activate, you need to send an sms to 222 from your MMS enabled phone. Spice (Bangalore) - Rs. 99 per month. 25 outgoing messages free, after which there will be charge of Rs.5 per MMS. Idea- Offers downloading of video messages from their site. Also allows sending and receiving pictures and music.
SMART PHONES- (PDA PHONES)
One step further are PDA-enabled phones, more commonly known as smart phones. These have a Digital Organiser, Excel, Word and Internet capabilities- all in one phone. Some even have an integrated camera and a MP3 player. These phones have large screens and allow you to write into it (after you learn the easy technique). They also have voice recognition capabilities. These features make the phone bulkier and costlier but then these gizmos sure do separate the men from the boys.
E-MOBILE...REDIFINING TECHNOLOGY
GPRS AND WAP
GPRS and WAP let you enjoy a continuous wireless connection to data networks (Internet) and access favorite web sites, entertainment services and other web applications. With WAP, GPRS, you can go online on your cell phone. All you need is a GPRS/WAP enabled phone and activation from the service provider. Call up the Customer Care number and ask them to activate the service, afterwhich you need to download the GPRS settings as instructed and GPRS is activated.
Airtel charges Rs. 600 per month for GPRS and airtime. MMS, however is free. Reliance India charges Rs. 200 + usage charges Rs, 40 paise per minute, whereas Hutch charges Rs. 99 for GPRS + airtime.

DESCRIPTION ABOUT TELEVISION

The word "television" means the right of distant scenes.Such scenes are seen on the screen of the television set.The television is an improvement on the radio.The radio is only an audio aid while the television is an audio-visual one .We can only hear sounds on the radio but we can hear sounds as well as see pictures on the television .The television has become popular by reason of its double function.

The television is a recent invention.It was invented by John Logie Baird in 1926.Many improvements have been made on the television sine the time.Todays we have colour as television set are telecast from a television station in the form of electromagnetic waves.These waves are caught by the television set and changed into light and sound.A scene that is meant for telecast in photographed by a video camera.This is called "televising" a scene.

The television gives us news, entertainment and education.It tells us the news of the world .It brings pictures of distant scenes into our living rooms.We can see and hear the speakers on the televison .We can see the pictures of natural scenes,events,gatherings,rallies,processions,games,battles,disasters.etc.We can also see films and hear songs and music.The telefilms and the teleserials are interesting to many of us.We can learn many things from the telecasts .The telecasts dealing with science,health,history,geography,agriculture,industry,etc. increase our knoweldge .We learn abot the progress made in different countries .We learn about the education systems of others countries.

The television is not an unmixed blessing.It has some defects,too.It is expensive to have a television set.Only the rich people can afford to buy it .It is a luxury for the poor.The telecasts cannot cover a wide range.They can be seen within a limited area only.The television can prove to be a cruse if we do not use it wisely.It spoils our study or work if we spend much time on it .Some children watch the television at the cost of their study and some people neglect their work. We should try to be selective.We should see only those programmes that are useful to us.

EDUCATION AND INFORMATION ABOUT DEMOCRACY

There are different forms of government .Democracy is one of them .It is considered to be an ideal form of government.The best definition of democracy has been given by by Abraham Lincoln, the famous president of the United States.He says that democracy is the government of the people for the people and by the people.In a democracy ,the government is formed by the elected representatives of the people .The government is run according to the will of the people in general .The ruling power of the state is vested ,not in a particular class or classes,but in the communtiy as a whole.

The representative are elected periodically,so they work for the good of the people.If they do not rule of legislate in the interest of the people ,they are not selected in the next election.Election is a cardinal feature of democracy .Every adult has the right to vote in the election of the representatives .This is called adult suffrage.

In a democratic state,the citizens enjoys certain freedoms.They have the freedom of belief,the freedom of expression,the freedom of movement,the freedom of association and the freedom of religion.Besides these freedoms, democracies work for another type of freedom.This is freedom from want or economic freedom.A democratic government tries to ensure the basic needs of the people;food,clothing,housing,education and medical care.Democracy is meaningless if the government does not ameliorate the economic condition of the people.

Democracy raises the dignity of the people .It develops their faculties ,stimulates their interest in public affairs and makes them vigilant.Every individaul has the right to vote.It is based on the principle of equality and the consent of the governed.It is no respecter of vested interests .As the number of the common people in far greater than that of the privileged classes,there is less chance of the former being exploited by the tatter.

But democracy is not with out defects.The elected representatives may betray the cause of the people and misuse the powers entrusted to them.They may infuse party spirit in society and neglect merit and individual initiative.Democracy is based on party system.The party that is represented in the government may neglect the other parties .The other parties may create difficulties and obstacles for the smooth functioning of the government.

SOME IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND DECRIPTION ABOUT HEALTH

It is said that health is wealth.Health is our best wealth.If a man is healthy,he can work hard and succeed in life.He can earn a lot of wealth.A healthy man is always cheerful.He possesses strength of mind.He has self-confidence.He does not lose heart easily.He can face dangers and diffculities boldly.If he is healthy,he can enjoy his wealth .He finds happiness in life.A healthy man is a happy man.

If a man is unhealty ,he can be happy in life.He can not work hard.He cannot accomplish anything in life.He always thinks of his ill-health .He does not find any interest in life.He cannot enjoy his wealth.He has no courage .He is a timid person.He is easily upset by difficulties .He is sad and miserable .Life is a burden to him.

If a man wants to happy in life,he must improve his health.Many things are necessary to preserve health.The first necessary thing is cleanliness.We should keep our bodies clean.We shoud take bath daily.We shoud put on clean clothes.We should keep our surroundings clean.Our houses should be sanitary and well-ventilated.

The development of a country depends on the health of its people.If people are healthy,they can ,they can work hard and develop their country.The people of our country do not attach much importance to good health.This is due to their ignorance and poverty.The majority of our people are illiterate .They do not know the rules of health.As they are poor,they cannot eat good food.Children shoud be taught the importance of health.Health education should form part of school education.If children learn the value of health, they will try to maintain good health all through life.

THE FESTIVAL OF TIHAR

Nepal has many festivals.One of them is the Tihar.It is celebrated in the month of kartik.The festival comes at the end of the autumn season.The autumn is a season of harvests. Thus,the Tihar is observed in a season,when people can spend.



The festival is celebrated for five days,hence it is also called Panchak.It may be called the Festival of lights.Lights are a prominent feature of this festival.People keep lights burning in their houses at night.The houses are cleaned and washed.People decorate their houses with flowers ,pictures and festoons.Cleanliness is another feature of the festival.



The first day of the festival is called the Crow Festival .The crow is worshipped on this day.People cannot actually worship the crow,for it is a cunning bird.Nobody can catch it .People leave some food for the crow at a place .The crow comes and eats the food.We do not like it ,but on this day we welcome the crow.



The second day of the festival is the Dog Festival .The dog is worshipped on this day .Some persons worship their own dogs .Some persons have no dog of their own and worship a street dog.They put "tika" on the dog's forehead and a garland round his neck.They give him food to eat.some persons hate dogs and harass them,but on this day dogs are kindly treated by everybody.



The third day of the festival is called Laxmi Puja .Laxmi is worshipped on this day .Laxmi is the Goddess of fortune.In the morning ,people worship the cow.The cow is an incarnation of Laxmi .At night ,they worship an image or a picture of Laxmi and invoke her blessings .They pray that Laxmi may bless them with wealth.They keep their houses and surroundings clean because they think that Laxmi does not enter an unclean house.At night, they keep lights burning .One can see more lights on this day than on any other day of the festival.A town like Kathmandu is brilliantly illuminated.



The fourth day of the festival is known as the Ox festival.The ox is worshipped on this day.The ox is a useful animal.He ploughs our fields and draws carts.It is no wonder that we worship the ox.We value him for his services.



The fifth day of the festival is called the Brother's festivals (Bhai tika) .Sisters worship their brothers on this day and give them presents, speacially sweets and fruits.Sisters put tika on their brother's foreheads and garland them with flower-wreaths.Brothers give them money in return for the respect bestowed upon them.Flowers , fruits and sweets are in great demand on this occasion.

EDUCATION AND INFORMATION ABOUT HIMALAYAS

Nepal is known as the land of the Himalayas .These are the loftiest mountains in the world .The Himalayas extend all over Northern Nepal and occupy nearly forty percent of the total area of our country .They consists of several parallel ranges,one higher than the other.The higher Himalayas are perpetually covered with snow,that's why they are called the Himalayas .In sanskrit, "Himalaya"means the abode of snow.The higher Himalayas contain most of the highest peaks in the world.Some of the highest peaks are Mt.Everest ,Kanchanjungha,Lhotse and Cho Oyu.These peaks attract climbers every year.The high Himalayas contain several big glaciers and lakes.They are devoid of vegetation and human settlement.

The lower Himalayas are forested .The forests contain pine trees and rhododendrons.The rhododendron is the national flower of our country .Ont the lower parts of these mountains we find valleys and lakes .The lower Himalayas are inhabited but the density of population is low.Life is difficult on the mountains.People rear goats and sheeps.Some cultivation is done on the hill-slopes and in the valleys.

The Himalayas are a great hindrance to the development of our country .They cover a large part of our country .As they are unfit for cultivation,a big area of country is a huge waste.Trasport is difficult across the mountains and people cannot easily travel from one part of the country to another.Some parts of the Himalayas are inaccessible and inhospitable.

Though the Himalyas are an obstacle to the development of our country,we derive many benefits from them.They stand as sentinels on our northern border.They forrm an insurmountable wall and protect us from enemy attacks.Because of the Himalayas ,we don't have to deploy a big army on our nothern frontier.The Himalayas also protect us from the cold winds blowing from Central Asia.Were it not for the Himalayas, the climate of Nepal would have been awfully cold in winter.The Himalayas also give us plenty of rain.They stop the monsoons coming from the Bay of Bengal and cause a good deal of rainfall.

DESCRIPTION ABOUT THE GREAT KING PRITHIVI NARAYAN SHAH

Prithivi Narayan Shah,the builder of modern Nepal ,is one of the greatest kings Nepal was produced.He was the ruler of Gorkha, a small state in Western Nepal.When he asended the throne of Gorkha,Nepal was divided into a number of petty states.Within a span of thirty years , Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered the various states and unified Nepal.

After the death of his father ,Nar Bhupal Shah ,in 1800 V.S.,Prithvi Narayan Shah became the king of Gorkha at the age of twenty -one .He determined to conquer the tiny states of Nepal and make it a big and powerful state.He failed many times but did not lose heart.At last,he was successful in conquering Neuwakot,Makawanpur,Lamjung and some other states.Then ,he attacked Kirtipur.He faced stiff opposition there and could conquer it only on the third attempt.

Next,he attacked Kathmandu which was ruled by Jaya Prakash Malla.First ,he had to fight the British troops which had come to help Jaya Prakash .Jaya Prakash foiled all his attempts to conquer Kathmandu.At last,Prithivi Narayan thought of a plan.He ordered his troops to attack Kathmandu on the day of Indra Jatra festival.His troops marched into Kathmandu from four sides .The troops of Jaya Prakash were taken by surprise and offered no resistance.Jaya Prakash left Kathmandu and took shelter under Tej Narsingh,the king of Patan.prithvi Narayan Shah conquered patan and Bhaktapur too.

Prithvi Narayan Shah made Kathmandu the capital of his kingdom and introduced many reforms .His reforms were based on those of Ram shah,Jayasthiti Malla and Mahindra Malla.He liked the policies of these kings.Prthvi Narayan Shah's policies can be known from his book,Dibya Upadesh .He was a staunch nationalist.He expelled the Christian missionaries from his kingdom .He thought they were spies of foreign countries.He encouraged the use of handmade cloth.He saw that everybody got justice.He punished the corrupt officials.

Prithvi Narayan shah wanted to keep his subjects happy.He thought the people were the wealth of a king.He wished that none of his subjects should remain hungry.He used to eat his meal only when he knew that all his subjects had eaten their meal.He ordered the people to eat their morning meal before 9 a.m.He watched the roofs of all houses in Kathmandu to see if smoke came out of every house.For this purporse ,he had a nine-storey palace built at Basantpur.

Prithvi Narayan shah ruled his kingdom wiselyfor thirty years and passed away at the age of fifty-two .He is called the great king for he eastablished a big state and ruled it well.

INTRODUCTION AND EDUCATION ABOUT THE COUNTRY NEPAL

The world contains big and small countries.Nepal is a small country.It lies between China and India .It is nearly 500 miles long and 100 miles broad.The population of our country is seventeen million.Most of the people live in the valleys and the plains.

Nepal is the land of the Himalayas .The major portion of the Himalayas lies in our country .It contains some of the highest peaks .Such as Everest,Dhaulagiri ,Makalu,Lhotse,and Annapurna.To the south of the mountains ,there is a narrow plain called the Terai.The chief rivers of our country are the koshi,the gandaki and the karnali.

The climate is cold in the north and hot in the south.The Himalayan region gets very cold in winter.The Terai is very hot in summer.The monsoon blowing from the Bay of Bengal brings rain in summer .The rainfall is good in all parts of the country, but it decreases as we go from the east to the west.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people.It is carried on mainly in the terai and the valleys .The terai produces rice,jute,sugarcane,oil-seeds ,etc.The valleys produce maize ,pulses ,beans ,fruits etc.The high mountains are snow-covered ; the hills are forested .Sheep and goats are reared on the hills-sides.

Our country is poor in minerals but the lack of minerals has been compensated by hydro-electric power.We have some hydro-electric projects in operation,while some big projects are under construction.There are some big industries at Biratnagar,Janakpur,Birgunj and Bhairahawa.The main hindrance to the progress of our country is the storage of roads .As more and more roads are constructed ,our country will achieve greater progress.

Nepal is a Hindu state but people enjoy freedom of religion.There are different religious classes, the major ones being the Hindus and the Buddhists.Some people are Muslims.There is a small number of Christians,Sikhas and Jains also.

The people of our country are divided into various classes and sub-classes.They speak different dialects,wear different kinds of clothes and eat different varieties of food .The people living near the northern border are of Mongolian stock,while those near the southern border are of Aryan origin.The rest of the people are the Gorkhalis and Newars.The different religious and racial classes live in peace and harmony and are proud to belong to the Nepali nation.

A few years ago,Nepal was a backward country.It was ruled by the Rana family.In 1950 ,democracy was introduced in our country .In 1960 , the party system of democracy was replaced by the Panchayat System.Now we have a democratic government again.We hope it will work for the good of the people.

Nepal is slowely marching ahead on the road to progress.We should all work together for the prosperity of our country.

SOME TIPICAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE TRIUMPHS OF SCIENCE

Science has been harnessed to serve mankind.It has been serving humanity since the earliest days.In days gone by ,man was not strong intellectually;he could not unravel the mysteries of science .Now man has grown intellectually in stature.He has made many discoveries and inventions .Today,science has made long strides.The victories of science are glorious beyond description.

The earliest triumph of science was the discovery of stone tools and weapons .Early men killed their enemies , the animals ,with these tools and weapons.The next great discovery was fire.With the help of fire man began to cook his food.The next great discovery was agriculture made man's life comfortable .He did not have to hunt animals and fruits.

In the Middle Ages, the making to the sailing ship was a great discovery.Men began to sail round the world and discover new lands and seas.The world grew in size , and man began to use the products of distant lands.The invention of the gun and the gun-powder also was achieved in the Middle Ages.This invention gave man destructive power.Man began to fight man with the gun.

The nineteenth century produced many inventions.The steam engine was invented by James Watt in England .The steam engine is used to drive locomotives and machines.Electricity was produced and put to practical use in England.Electricity serves many purposes .Faraday is called the father of electricity.The railway engine and the motor car also were invented in the nineteenth century.

The present century has been an age of the greatest triumphs in science .The aeroplane and the radio were invented in the early years of the century.Then came the television.Atomic energy was discovered and used practically in the forties.The crowning glory of science has been the invention of artificial satellites .Man has suceeded in landing on the moon.As time passes, science will show greater wonders.

Science has provided many with man comforts and amenities .It has also provided the atom bomb,nuclear missiles,the poison gas,etc.Science is a good servant if used wisely; it is bad master if used recklessy.Man has been using for useful purposes .Man should learn to use it wisely for his good.

The invention and discoveries that have been made in science are not the gifts of particular individuals.They are the result of the experiments conducted by a number of persons.Different countries have made valuable contributions.A certain invention made by a country is useful to all countries .So different countries should cooperate in making scientific experiments.if many countries work together,it will be easier for them to do research on various subjects.

EDUCATION AND INFORMATION ABOUT COMPUTER

The word "Computer"has become the most popular household name these days.Computers are becoming an imporan part of our daily lilves.Computers are being used in every field such as in school,education,business, home,banks,offices,hospitals,industries,military,airline and so on.Computers are changing the world.Computers have been proved to be better than human mind in speed with which they can absorb the information, process it and communicate the results.Computer has helped people in many ways.It has helped to perform tasks very quickly and efficiently .Computers have capacity to store vast quantities of informational and retrieve any particular information in a very short time.

What is Computer?

The word "Computer" is derived from the word "Computare"which means to calculate or cout.The computer is an electronin machine.It is the machine which can solve a number of problems .It is a man made machine.Is has capacity of storing and processing the data and instructions.Computer can read, write and compute the data.It is made up of different parts connected together.We can define the computer in many ways.

"A computer is an electronic device which can perform certain mathematical calculations and logical operations at a very high speed.or "Computer is an electronic device which is used to do a special work automatically or " Computer is an electronic device which calculates the raw data and gives valuable information which is the result of Processing".

The main charater of computer

1.Storage

2.High speed

3.Accuracy

4.Diligence

5.Versatility

6.Automatic

7Networking

DECRIPTION ABOUT TOURISM IN NEPAL

People like to travel abroad.They visit countries which have many places of interest.In Nepal we have the lofty Himalayas.These mountains are full of fine scenery .There are many beauty spots on the mountains .The snow-capped peaks,the green forests ,the rusting torrents ,the deep gorges ,the roaring falls, the tranquil lakes, the fine flora and fauna,the antique and artistic temples attract many people to our country .Every year thousands of foreign tourists come to our country. We should welcome tourists .Tourism is a source of earning foreign currency .The tourists who come to our country exchange foreign currency with our money.In this way ,we get foreign currency.Foreign currency is useful to us for purchasing foreign goods.Tourists purchases some goods ,curios and native articles in our country.The producers of these goods gain somethings from tourists .Tourists also help the hotel industry .They like to stay in good and well-furnished hotels.Some good hotels have been built in Kathmandu to accommodate foreign tourists .Tourists require guides.Some people earn a living as guides. Tourists help some of our people to learn foreign customs and languages .The persons who work in hotels or serve as guides learn some foreign customs and languages from tourists .We can see some uneducated boys in Kathmandu speaking English and guiding foreign visitors.Those who come into contact with tourists shed off their prejudices and cultivated a abroad outlook.They become cosmopolitan in manners and can easily mix with the people of other countries. Tourists help to acquaint their countrymen with our country .They see many goods things in our country and talk of them when they return to their country .Many people in foreign countries have prejudiced notions about our country.Tourists see many things with their won eyes and shed off many of their prejudices.They see the progress made in our country and do not think that Nepal is only a land of forests,mountains and temples.They come to know that there are many fine things and fine people .What we cannot tell about our country bu spending lots of money on publicity can be done without spending a penny with the help of tourists.So we should leave a good impression on tourists with our behavior and speech. Tourists from any country are free to visit our land.Many tourists come every year ,but we should attract more.The Government should provide them with many facilities .They should have little visa and customs difficulties .They should feel secure and comfortable where they stay.They should have freedom of movements and should be able to see places they like.The people who come into contact with them should be polite and courteous.We should welcome tourists for they are good paying guests.